Cods living in the Baltic Sea may be intermediate or paratenic hosts of the zoonotic nematodes from the Anisakidae family. Both, meat and the liver of this fish species are products that blend well in the diet of consumers due to the richness of micronutrients, but their consumption may involve the risk of anisakidosis or development of the allergic reactions to parasite antigens. However, there are only few studies on the occurrence of Anisakidae larvae in cod’s liver. The aim of this study was to determine the extensity of infection with Anisakidae nematodes of cods liver fished in the Baltic Sea. The investigations of the collected samples (508 in 2016 and 848 in 2017), showed that the percentage of infected livers was 46% in 2016 and 37.5% in 2017. Based on the molecular studies, the majority of detected larvae were identified as Contracecum osculatum (99.82%), and just one larvae has appeared to be Anisakis simplex (0.18%). The highest rates of infection with C.osculatum nematodes in years 2016–2017 were recorded in the areas of South Bornholm (57.0–36.3%), and North Bornholm (47.7–43.0%), and the lowest intensity of infection was found in the Kolobrzesko-Darłowskie area (23.9%) in 2016. The frequent occurrence of C.osculatum in the liver of cods caught in the Baltic Sea may pose a danger of anisakidosis to humans in case of consumption of live larvae, as well as allergic reactions to antigens of these nematodes.