Introduction and aim: Contamination of deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin, in cereal grains is becoming a major problem in agricultural and food industry. The potential risks of DON on human and animal health may occur after ingestion of contaminated foods or feeds. The better understanding of molecular responses of human cells to DON and metabolic responses of in vitro system to the exposure to the mycotoxin was the main goal this study.