Cases of TB were recorded in European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains in 1997- 2013. An alarming phenomenon, however, is a TB case in a wild boar from the Bieszczady. Transmission of TB between infected wild boars and European bison is potentially possible. The article is aimed at presenting the problem of the occurrence of TB in wild boar and the potential danger posed to European bison by this situation. The role of wild boar in TB transmission is not always clear (maintenance, spillover or dead-end host), and depends on various environmental conditions (e.g. population density, occurrence of tuberculosis in other species in the area, feeding, climate). The majority of cases of TB in Europe in wild boars have been reported in Mediterranean Iberia (Spain and Portugal).