Prediction of the possible development of epizootic disease presents a risky and error-biased task. Additionally, prognosis of any further scenario requires detailed and diverse information. The most important and unpredictable factor is human activity. It is also clear that spread of infectious diseases, including African swine fever (ASF), might be predicted with higher probability. ASF emerged in Poland at the beginning of February 2014. Until now, 202 ASF cases in wild boars and 23 outbreaks in swine farms have been identified. The main source and reservoir of African swine fever virus (ASFV), are wild boars carcasses remaining in the environment, as well as infected wild boars migrating from Belarus and Ukraine. Three stages of ASF spread have been recognized in Poland. During the first stage ASF spreads exclusively within wild boar population. During the second stage, the virus is transferred from wild boars to domestic pigs in backyard holdings. Currently, the third stage is observed, during which ASFV spreads from swine carcasses to wild boars. The most unpredictable scenario of ASF spread is associated with careless human activity, like illegal burial of dead pigs in forest in Moniecki county. Recently, epidemiological change is also observed among wild boars which survived ASFV infection and show the presence of specific antibodies. This may suggest the considerable modulation in ASF epidemiology and/or in viral infection course. All activities undertaken by CVO and Veterinary Inspection are focused on limitation/reduction of wild boars number. Nonetheless, the continuous raising of awareness among producers, veterinarians and hunters remains among the most important factors in limiting future ASF spread. Meanwhile, the epidemiological situation in regards to ASF in pigs in Poland seems to be controlled, but inversely further ASF spread in wild boar population may be a longterm and difficult to control issue.