Previous post–mortem study revealed that respiratory disorders are the most frequent, therefore may play a major role among the health treats to European bison. The exposure to bovine parainfluenza type 3 (PIV–3), bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV–3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV–1) in the world largest population of European bison in Białowieża Primeval Forest was estimated. Hundred and sixteen sera collected from healthy, selectively culled or fallen animals in the age between few days and 27 years were screened for the presence of specific antibodies using serological tests. The seroprevalences of PIV–3, BAV–3 and BRSV were 61.2%, 70.7% and 15.5%, respectively, while only one European bison (0.9%) had BoHV–1 antibodies. PIV–3 and BAV–3 seroprevalences were associated with population type (free–living/ captive), sanitary status (healthy/selectively culled/ fallen) and age. Significantly higher proportions of seropositive against both viruses were found in free–living, eliminated and older than 4 years animals. Using multivariable generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), the risk factors which included sanitary status and population type for PIV–3 seropositivity and population type for BAV–3 exposure were established. Further studies are needed to characterise virologically the prevalent pathogens and relate them to the pathological changes observed in European bison.