The aim of this paper was to present major objectives for meloxicam use in swine production. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which acts by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In most countries male piglets are castrated to prevent boar taint of meat. This routine procedure is generally performed without pain control but the welfare of suckling piglets undergoing castration should be improved. Many researchers have confirmed that NSAIDs alleviate pain in pigs – the presurgical administration of meloxicam reduces pain as was confirmed by lower plasma cortisol concentration and behavioral observations after castration. Meloxicam is also licensed for the treatment of mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome (MMA) in sows. Some field studies have reported that routine postfarrowing administration of meloxicam significantly improved the litter performance – lower pre-weaning mortality and higher piglets average daily gain. There was also demonstrated that meloxicam was successfully delivered to piglets with sows milk. However, the dose used (30 mg per kg), cannot be recommended because of lesions in gastrointestinal tract identified during histopathological examinations and the lack of tissue residue data. Here, the risks and benefits of meloxicam use in swine production were presented.