This article aims at the presentation of an epizootic problem of alpacas tuberculosis in our country. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria of Mycobacterium genus, members of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex group. Animal tuberculosis is usually caused by M. bovis and M. caprae – the bovine type bacilli that mainly affect cattle, bisons and pigs, however in recent years cases of tuberculosis in alpacas, an animal species belonging to the Camelidae family, have been reported with increased frequency. According to available literature, M. bovis infections prevail in this animal species. In addition, alpacas proved to be very sensitive to infection with M. microti, whose rodents are the natural reservoir. These features, along with the very frequent absence of clinical symptoms or their late occurrence, contribute to the rapid transmission of the disease among alpacas. Infection spreads by respiratory route. Usually the source of infection are asymptomatic carriers introduced to the tuberculosis-free herd. Alpaca tuberculosis is diagnosed by tuberculin skin test, supplemented with serological tests such as ELISA, EnferplexTM Camelid TB Assay, Dual path platform (DPP) assay or Multi-antigen print immunoassays (MAPIA). Currently, the epizootic situation of alpacas tuberculosis in Poland seems to be under control however, to maintain the surveillance it is necessary to amend Polish legislation accordingly.